The rise to Christianity occurred during the Roman Empire 27 BC — AD , although its development was a long time in the making, and even after the conversion of many neighbouring nations the rulers of Rome persecuted and killed many practicing Christians.
From then the papacy has continued in some form or another, facing different threats over time. During the Renaissance it was trying to balance the fragile position of power with the government. The doctrine is a document outlining the respect and authority due to the Pope from other bishops and their area of jurisdiction. In modern times, the position of the Pope is still one of great prestige and authority, with each Pope ruling over the ecclesiastical state of the Vatican City, named the home of the Catholic Church.
He has been praised for his more informal approach and common touch demonstrated by his simple white dress and iron pectoral cross that he wore as archbishop of Buenos Aires. This stands in contrast to his predecessors who all wore the traditional red trimmed mozzetta and gold cross upon their succession.
This indicated his changing attitudes to the formalities of the Vatican. Past popes have celebrated Mass every morning in their private chapel before settling down at their desk to deal with correspondence.
The Pope has a small personal staff of nuns to run his household, to cook and clean, and a personal valet or butler. Pope Benedict and Pope John Paul both had two personal secretaries. He also has a team of speechwriters. While Pope Emeritus Benedict lived a secluded life inside the Vatican and plans to live an even more secluded existence in the former convent which is being prepared as his new home in a corner of the Vatican Gardens , Pope John Paul II lived a more gregarious existence, often inviting personal guests to attend his early morning mass and to share his breakfast.
He also gave frequent lunch and dinner parties for visiting clergy and friends. One of the duties of a pope is to meet at least once every five years with his more than 5, bishops from around the world - roughly 1, a year, or 20 a week. Under church law they are obliged to visit Rome to report to the Pope on the state of their dioceses in what is called an "ad limina" on the threshold of Saint Peter visit.
Benedict XVI had just finished this exhaustive series of interviews with every Catholic bishop in the world, and was embarking on a second round just before his retirement.
Foreign travel is also, these days, among the Pope's duties. Pope Francis is the th Bishop of Rome. Francis was elected to the papacy on March 13, , to replace Benedict XVI , who resigned from office two weeks earlier. Themes that have come to define Francis' papacy include poverty, mercy, and joy.
Francis is the papal name of Jorge Mario Bergoglio. He holds advanced degrees in chemistry , philosophy, and theology. Before starting his seminary education, he worked as a janitor, a bar bouncer, and a lab assistant for a chemist. After several years of study, he entered the the Society of Jesus in After finishing his initial training, Bergoglio took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and became a Jesuit on March 12, He was ordained to the priesthood almost a decade later, in December Prior to coming to Rome, Bergoglio served several roles as bishop in Argentina, including Metropolitan Archbishop.
He was made a cardinal in by Pope John Paul II, and held several administrative positions within the Roman Curia, the central governing body of the Catholic Church. The Pope gets his name from the Greek word for "Father," pappas. He's called a father because of his role as the spiritual leader of the world's 1. He is responsible for unifying Catholicism's voice and centralizing its doctrine.
The Pope is also the head of Vatican City , which is the world's smallest independent city-state. It's the Pope's job to appoint bishops. Sure, it's a complicated process involving several people, but the Pope has final say in these appointments. Naming bishops is an important task , since these men carry out the Pope's vision at local levels.
There are more than 5, bishops throughout the world, and it's the Pope's responsibility to meet with them at least once every five years. The Pope also selects the College of Cardinals, which is the group that will elect Francis' successor. According to Thomas Reese , popes "appoint men who reflect [their] own views on theology and other issues facing the church.
In addition, the pope offers a weekly blessing and a weekly address to tourists and Catholics visiting the Vatican. He also delivers messages on Church holidays, including the Urbi et Orbi , "to the city and to the World," given at Christmas and Easter. Since , it's been customary for each newly appointed pope to choose his own papal name.
The pope's name carries a great deal of significance since it signifies the kind of pope he will be, and what kinds of passions, interests, theologies, etc. In an address to journalists several days after his appointment, Francis birth name: Jorge Mario Bergoglio recounted how he came to choose his name.
During the conclave, after Bergoglio received two-thirds of the vote, thus sealing his papal fate, Cardinal Claudio Hummes whispered to him, "Don't forget the poor! Francis was an Italian friar who lived from to He is the patron saint of animals and ecology, and is remembered for his solidarity with the poor, his love of animals, and his attempts at interfaith dialogue with Muslims.
According to legend, following a pilgrimage to Rome, Christ appeared to him, saying, "Francis, Francis, go and repair my house which, as you can see, is falling into ruins. There are several theological themes dominating his papacy so far: poverty, mercy, and joy. During his first interview with journalists after his election, Francis said, "How I would love a church that is poor, and for the poor.
In a visit with students last June, Francis remarked, " Poverty is the flesh of the poor Jesus. In a Lenten homily from his first year as Pope, Francis preached that Jesus' "most powerful message" is "mercy. To Francis, a church without joy is unthinkable. As the New York Times writes, "Francis knows how to smile, and how to make others smile.
Many pictures of Francis show him smiling , and many more show his compassionate way with children. In his first Palm Sunday address , he admonished his listeners not to be "men and women of sadness," because "a Christian can never be sad! Founded in by St. Ignatius of Loyola, the Society of Jesus is a men's religious order that was founded for the broad purpose of "helping souls. Ignatius's Spiritual Exercises, his classic text, was developed with the intention of helping a person "overcome" anything that kept him distracted from God's will, and to "order" his life to the service of God.
At the heart of Jesuit spirituality is the belief that God can be found in all things. Rather than seeing reality as being divided between the secular and sacred realms, Jesuits see all things as falling under the purview of spirituality.
This belief might inform Pope Francis' " dogmatic certainty " that God's presence is in the life of every person, and that " even the atheists " are redeemed and made in the image of God. Francis's Jesuit affiliation is a relatively big deal for the papacy. For one thing, he's the first Jesuit to hold the office.
As part of their final vows to God, at the end of their training, Jesuits promise not to seek high office in the Catholic Church. Jesuits take their orders so seriously that they are sometimes referred to as " God's Marines. Some Jesuits also have a reputation for being too independent, which, in part, led to Pope Clement XIV actually suppressing the Order in Pope Pius VII reinstated them in Francis has gained a reputation for being relatable, approachable, and down-to-earth.
Writing for The Atlantic , Amy Sullivan said Francis has transformed the Church's public image, noting the way that he's inspiring ordinary Catholics was "unthinkable just a few months" before his election. In an article for The Washington Post , Elizabeth Tenety tries to understand why, with the election of Francis, Catholics have suddenly become "the cool kids on the Church Street.
Though Francis might feel refreshing, she argues that he's only doing the work that has been practiced by "countless Christians in [Jesus'] name for millennia. When it comes to its record of dealing with sex abuse, " the Church deserves to be raked over the coals ," according to Catholic journalist Thomas Reese.
A John Jay report found that thousands of minors were sexually abused by Catholic clergy between and More shocking is the fact that some high-ranking officials knew of the abuse but did not remedy the situation, either by stripping the abusers of their priesthood or by turning them over to the proper civil authorities.
When Francis took office, many people looked to him to correct the Church's handling of sex abuse. In a interview , before he was Pope, he made it clear that Church leadership should "never turn a blind eye" to sex abuse, even when coming forward with such information risks "damaging the image of an institution. In December , Francis announced the creation of a Vatican committee aimed at fighting sex abuse in the Church, and working with victims and their families. Of the members , four are women, and one — Marie Collins — is an abuse survivor.
The group also includes Cardinal Sean O'Malley, archbishop of Boston, the city in which the US sex abuse crisis story originally broke in In an interview with Corriere della Sera, Francis spoke about the issue of sex abuse, and praised the former Pope Benedict for being "courageous" in his attempts to curb it.
In the same interview, Francis said that although statistics show that the majority of abuse happens outside the church, "the Church is the only one being attacked. Likewise, the Survivors Network of Those Abused by Priests criticized Francis' remarks, saying they "reflect an archaic, defensive mindset that will not make kids safer. In an April 11 speech delivered to the International Catholic Child Bureau , Francis asked for forgiveness on behalf of priests who abused children.
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